For Referring Veterinarians

What is Brachycephalic Syndrome? Brachycephalics are animals that have very shortened and compressed muzzles and heads leading to difficulty in their ability to pass air through their breathing passages. It is a compilation of conditions that includes some or all of the following: stenotic nares (small nostrils), collapsed nasal passages, elongated soft palate (excessive tissue in the back of the throat), everted laryngeal saccules (tissue within the voice box) and eventually laryngeal collapse (collapse of…

A bleeding or broken toenail is a very common injury in dogs. It often requires a visit to the vet, immediately, if serious. Left untreated, a bleeding or broken toenail can result in blood loss, pain or infection, though it is rarely a life-threatening condition. Nail breaks or tears can be major or minor. Major breaks are deeper and tend to bleed more. Major Nail Bleeds & Nail Breaks in Dogs  A toenail that breaks…

Background Information on Rats Domesticated rats can be low-maintenance and entertaining pets. They are clean, friendly, playful, and quiet.  Of all the “pocket pets”, they are considered uniquely responsive to their owners. Through selective breeding, many different color and coat pattern mutations have been developed. The average body length of adult rats is 9-11 in (23-28 cm) with an average tail length of 7-9 in (18-23 cm). The average body weight for rats is 350-450…